English 8703
Seminar in Stylistics
Fall 1998
Tuesdays, 2-4:40, RH 115
Rebecca Moore Howard
Reid Hall 314B
E-mail rhoward@gamma.is.tcu.edu
Telephone office 257-7722; home 731-3359
Syllabus
At the turn of the twentieth century, allegiance to linguistic procedures was the primary defining element of stylistics as a discipline, and it remains so in the last quarter of the century. The major question facing stylistics is whether movement away from that defining characteristic, no matter how slight, will result not only in a loss of self-definition but also in a shifting back of the entire field into the related disciplines of literary criticism, linguistics, or more probably Rhetoric, which is enjoying a strong rebirth.
James V. Catano, 1997
Course description
New representations of authorship (variously associated with hyperhetoric, multiculturalism, cultural criticism, and poststructuralism) contributed to the sharp decline of stylistics in rhetorical and literary studies in the 1990's. Yet even though style is now seldom taught in English classes, its importance for one's writing remains as great as ever. The purpose of this seminar, therefore, is to work towards formulating a stylistics that is consonant with current rhetorical and literary theory and that can be applied to a pedagogy of style. Seminar participants will be challenged to apply theories of prose style to their own writing, to their scholarly endeavors, and to their current or future pedagogies.
Several strands run concurrently through the course, sometimes intersecting, sometimes diverging: (1) Thumbnail sketches of moments and movements in stylistics. These are intended not to provide a comprehensive overview of stylistics, but a sampling of the riches of the field. Much of this material will be offered in lectures. (2) Semester-long exploration of a single topic in stylistics, accomplished through a sequence of researched writing assignments that culminate in the composition of a journal article. (3) Encounters with and reflection on several significant contemporary texts in stylistics. These are listed as stylistics textbooks for the course. (4) Experiments with and critiques of recent composition pedagogy of style. Because we will be pursuing these strands concurrently, throughout the semester, the sound of the syllabus will more closely resemble Michigan Avenue than a Rachmaninoff symphony.
Texts for the course are divided into two lists: stylistics texts and style texts. All will be on reserve at the library and available for purchase at the bookstore. You should purchase as many of the stylistics texts as you can afford. You will be assigned to analyze one of the style texts, and you should purchase that one, along with any others that interest you.
Stylistics textbooks
Flannery, Kathryn T. The Emperor's New Clothes: Literature, Literacy, and the Ideology of Style. Pittsburgh: U Pittsburgh P, 1994.
Hariman, Robert. Political Style: The Artistry of Power. U Chicago P, 1995.
Hart, Roderick. Modern Rhetorical Criticism. 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1997.
Ohmann, Richard. English in America: A Radical View of the Profession, with a New Introduction. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1996.
Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen, 1982.
Weber, Jean Jacques, ed. The Stylistics Reader: From Roman Jakobson to the Present. New York: St. Martin's, 1996.
Style textbooks
Baker, Sheridan. The Practical Stylist with Readings and Handbook. New York: Longman, 1998.
Haynes, John. Style. New York: Routledge, 1995.
Quinn, Arthur. Figures of Speech: 60 Ways to Turn a Phrase. Davis, CA: Hermagoras P, 1993.
Richardson, Peter. Style: A Pragmatic Approach. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1998.
Strunk, William, and E.B. White, Jr. The Elements of Style. Cutchogue: Buccaneer Books, 1995.
Vitanza, Victor J. Writing for the World Wide Web. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1998.
Williams, Joseph. Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace. 5th ed. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1997.
At the beginning of the course, you will declare a research area in stylistics, e.g., metaphor, Renaissance stylistics, imitation as a pedagogical method. (Thumbnail bibliographies for some broad areas appear at the end of this syllabus.) You will then identify key sources in this area; read these sources, writing formal summaries of two; and compose a synthesis of your research for the benefit of the other seminar members. By the end of the semester, you will compose an article on stylistics appropriate for submission to an academic journal. These articles may be collaboratively written by seminar members with convergent research interests. Collaboratively written articles will receive one grade, given to each author.
Written work will be evaluated according to argument and development. Poor presentation (e.g., proofreading, formatting, editing) and style will effect a significant negative influence on grades; all manuscripts must be prepared at a professional level.
Course grades will be based on
5% Preliminary bibliography for the research synthesis
10% Summary & analysis of two sources for the research synthesis (5% each)
5% Draft, research synthesis
15% Research synthesis, w/ sufficient copies for all classmates
15% Midterm examination (in-class essay)
5% Oral presentation: critique of a composition textbook's presentation of style
5% Proposal for journal article on style or stylistics (may be collaboratively authored)
25% Journal article (w/ cover letter), ready for submission (may be collaboratively authored)
15% Final examination (in-class essay)
Class preparation and participation will affect borderline final grades.
Hand in
Telephone number and E-mail address
Preparatory reading
Catano, James V. "Stylistics." The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism. Ed. Michael Groden and Martin Kreiswirth. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Online. Available http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/guide.
Milic, Louis T. "Stylistics." Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age. Ed. Theresa Enos. New York: Garland , 1996. 703-709.
Purcell, William M., and David Snowball. "Style." Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age. Ed. Theresa Enos. New York: Garland, 1996. 698-703.
Lecture
Contemporary scholarship in stylistics: an overview and status report
Workshop
Composition pedagogies of yore: The Christensen method
September 1
Hand in
Signups for research topics
Signups for oral presentations
Preparatory reading
Hart, Roderick. Modern Rhetorical Criticism. 2nd ed.
Lecture
Classical perspectives. Guest speaker: Richard Lee Enos.
Workshop
Discussion of Hart, Roderick. Modern Rhetorical Criticism. To what extent is style an optional ornament or an essential part of meaning? Who controls meaning? What methods from this source will you use in your future reading?
September 8
Hand in
Preliminary bibliography for the research synthesis
Preparatory reading
Bizzell, Patricia, and Bruce Herzberg. "Rhetoric and Belles Lettres." The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. Ed. Patricia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg. Boston: Bedford, 1990. 651-4.
Lecture
Belletristic approaches. Guest speaker: Lois Agnew.
Workshop
Composition pedagogies of yore: The Christensen method
September 15
Preparatory reading
Ohmann, Richard. English in America.
Lecture
Plain style. Guest speaker: Ryan Stark.
Workshop
Rhetorical analysis and discussion of Ohmann, Richard. English in America. What assumptions drive this argument? What roles for style would Ohmann advocate or allow in undergraduate required composition courses?
September 22
Hand in
Summary & analysis of one source for the research synthesis
Lecture
Current-traditionalist approaches
Workshop
Composition pedagogies of yore: Sentence combining
September 29
Hand in
Summary & analysis of a second source for the research synthesis
Preparatory reading
Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word.
Lecture
Metaphor
Workshop
Discussion of Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. What assumptions drive this argument? What perspectives would it bring to contemporary discussions of style?
October 6
Midterm examination
In-class midterm essay exam
October 13
Hand in
Preliminary draft, research synthesis: Original + copies; keep 1 copy for yourself
Preparatory reading
Attridge, Derek. "Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics in Retrospect." The Stylistics Reader: From Roman Jakobson to the Present. 36-55.
Jakobson, Roman. "Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics." The Stylistics Reader: From Roman Jakobson to the Present. 10-35.
Lecture
Structuralism
Workshop
Composition pedagogies of yore: Sentence combining
October 20
Preparatory reading
Classmates' drafts of research syntheses
Gage, John T. "Philosophies of Style and Their Implications for Composition." College English 42 (1980): 615-22.
Winterowd, W. Ross. "Prolegomenon to Pedagogical Stylistics." College Composition and Communication 34 (1983): 80-90.
Lecture
Pre-Lapsarian Composition
Workshop
Peer response to drafts of research syntheses
October 27
Hand in
Final draft, research synthesis: provide copies to all seminar participants. Keep a copy for yourself.
Preparatory reading
Freeman, Donald C. "'According to My Bond': King Lear and Re-Cognition." The Stylistics Reader280-98.
Wilson, Deirdre, and Dan Sperber. "On Verbal Irony." The Stylistics Reader260-79.
Lecture
Cognitivism
Workshop
November 3
Preparatory reading
Halliday, M.A.K. "Linguistic Function and Literary Style: An Inquiry Into the Language of William Golding's The Inheritors." The Stylistics Reader 56-87.
Pratt, Mary Louise. "Ideology and Speech-Act Theory." The Stylistics Reader181-95.
Short, Mick. "Discourse Analysis and the Analysis of Drama." The Stylistics Reader158-80.
Widdowson, H.G. "Stylistics: An Approach to Stylistic Analysis." The Stylistics Reader138-48.
Lecture
Linguistics, Discourse Analysis, Semiotics
Workshop
Literary analyses: Metaphor
November 10
Hand in
Proposal for journal article on style or stylistics (may be collaboratively authored)
Preparatory reading
Flannery, Kathryn T. The Emperor's New Clothes.
Lecture
Multiculturalism, Marxism, New Historicism, Feminism
Workshop
Rhetorical analysis and discussion of Flannery, Kathryn T. The Emperor's New Clothes. What assumptions drive this argument? What roles for style would Flannery advocate or allow in undergraduate required composition courses?
November 17
Preparatory reading
Burton, Deirdre. "Through Glass Darkly: Through Dark Glasses." The Stylistics Reader224-40.
Mills, Sara. "Knowing Your Place: A Marxist Feminist Stylistic Analysis." The Stylistics Reader241-59.
Lecture
Multiculturalism, Marxism, New Historicism, Feminism
Workshop
Oral presentations: critique of a composition textbook's instruction on style
November 24
Preparatory reading
Birch, David. "'Working Effects with Words'—Whose Words?: Stylistics and Reader Intertextuality." The Stylistics Reader206-23.
Fowler, Roger. "Studying Literature as Language." The Stylistics Reader196-205.
Lecture
Poststructuralism
Workshop
Oral presentations: critique of a composition textbook's instruction on style
Preparatory reading
Hariman, Robert. Political Style.
Lecture
The Glorious Life and Tragic Death of Stylistics
Workshop
Discussion of Hariman, Robert. Political Style. What uses can you, as an English Ph.D. candidate, make of Hariman's methods?
Oral presentations: critique of a composition textbook's instruction on style
December 8
Hand in
Journal article (w/ cover letter), ready for submission. Hand in one copy for me to keep + as many copies as there are members of the collaborative group. Keep one copy for each member of the group.
Lecture
Wired style
Workshop
Oral presentations: critique of a composition textbook's instruction on style
December 17, 3-5 p.m.
In-class final essay examination
Belletristic approaches
Bizzell, Patricia, and Bruce Herzberg. "Rhetoric and Belles Lettres." The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. Ed. Patricia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg. Boston: Bedford, 1990. 651-4.
Blair, Hugh D. D. Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. Vols 1 and 2. Ed. H.F. Harding and foreword by David Potter. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1965.
Burke, Edmund E. Of the Sublime and Beautiful. Charlottesville: Lincoln-Rembrandt, 1885, 1986.
Brody, Miriam. Manly Writing: Gender, Rhetoric, and the Rise of Composition. Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Chapter 5, "The Gendered Aesthetics of Enlightenment Rhetoric," 72-92.
Hume, David. Of the Standard of Taste and Other Essays. Ed. and intro. John W. Lenz. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965.
Classical perspectives
Aelius Donatus. Ars Grammatica.
Cicero, De Oratore.
Demetrius. On Style.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Dionysius of Halicarnassus On Literary Composition. Ed. and trans. W. Rhys Roberts. New York: AMS Press.
Hermogenes of Tarsus. On Ideas of Style.
Longinus, Cassius. On the Sublime. New York: Viking Penguin, 1965.
Rhetoric to Herennius. Trans. Harry Caplan. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1981.
Cognitivism
Chomsky, Noam. Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought. New York: U P of America, 1966.
DiTiberio, John K., and George H. Jensen. Writing and Personality: Finding Your Voice, Your Style, Your Way. Palo Alto, CA: Davies Black, 1995.
Freeman, Donald C. "'According to My Bond': King Lear and Re-Cognition." Language and Literature 2 (1993): 1-18. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader280-98.
Hirsch, E.D., Jr. The Philosophy of Composition. Chicago: U Chicago P, 1977.
Wilson, Deirdre, and Dan Sperber. "On Verbal Irony." Lingua 87 (1992): 53-76. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader260-79.
Current-traditionalism
Genung, John Franklin. Handbook of Rhetorical Analysis; Studies in Style and Invention, Designed to Accompany the Author's Practical Elements of Rhetoric. Boston: Ginn, 1891.
Spencer, Herbert. Philosophy of Style. Ed. Fred N. Scott. 2d ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1852, 1892.
Electronic media
Howard, Tharon W. The Rhetoric of Electronic Communities. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1997.
Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen, 1982.
Ulmer, Gregory. Teletheory: Grammatology in the Age of Video. New York: Routledge, 1990.
Formalism and New Criticism (Textualist approaches)
Barthes, Roland. Writing Degree Zero. 1952. New York: Hill & Wang, 1968.
Brooks, Cleanth. The Well Wrought Urn. 1947.
Brooks, Cleanth, and Robert Penn Warren. Understanding Poetry. 1938.
Eliot, T.S. For Lancelot Andrewes: Essays on Style and Order. Garden City: Doubleday, 1929.
Eliot, T.S. "The Genesis of Philosophic Prose: Bacon and Hooker." The Listener 26 (June 1919): 907-08.
Eliot, T.S. "Prose and Verse." The Chapbook 22 (April 1921): 9.
Eliot, T.S. "What is a Classic?" On Poetry and Poets. London: Faber, 1969. 52-74.
Empson, William. Seven Types of Ambiguity. 1930.
Ransom, John Crowe. "Criticism Inc." 1937. Rpt. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Lodge. London: Longman, 1972.
Wimsatt, W.K., and M. Beardsley. "The Intentional Fallacy." In The Verbal Icon. By W.K. Wimsatt. Lexington: U Kentucky P, 1954.
The Glorious Life and Tragic Death of Stylistics
Attridge, Derek. "Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics in Retrospect." The Linguistics of Writing. Ed. N. Fabb, et al. Manchester UP, 1987. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader36-55.
Fish, Stanley E. "What is Stylistics and Why Are They Saying Such Terrible Things about It? Approaches to Poetics. Ed. Seymour Chatman. Columbia UP, 1973. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader94-116.
Mackay, R. "Who Needs Stylistic Analysis?" Language and Communication 14.2 (April 1994): 193-202.
Taylor, Talbot J., and Michael Toolan. "Recent Trends in Stylistics." Journal of Literary Semantics 13 (1984): 57-62. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader87-93.
Toolan, Michael. "Stylistics and Its Discontents; Or, Getting Off the Fish 'Hook.'" The Stylistics of Fiction. Routledge, 1990. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader117-37.
Weber, Jean Jacques. "Towards Contextualized Stylistics: An Overview." The Stylistics Reader1-9.
Imitation
Corbett, Edward P.J. "The Theory and Practice of Imitation in Classical Rhetoric." College Composition and Communication 22 (1971): 243-50.
Lyons, John D., and Stephen G. Nichols, Jr., eds. Mimesis: From Mirror to Method, Augustine to Descartes. Hanover, NH: UP of New England, 1982.
Matalene, Carolyn. "Contrastive Rhetoric: An American Writing Teacher in China." College English 47.8 (December 1985): 789-808.
Minock, Mary. "Toward a Postmodern Pedagogy of Imitation." JAC 15.3 (Fall 1995): 489-510.
Pigman, G.W., III. "Versions of Imitation in the Renaissance." Renaissance Quarterly 33 (1980): 1-32.
Sullivan, Dale L. "Attitudes Toward Imitation: Classical Culture and the Modern Temper." Rhetoric Review 8 (1989): 5-21.
Linguistics, Discourse Analysis, Semiotics
Austin, John L. How to Do Things With Words. Oxford UP, 1962.
Bakhtin, M.M. The Dialogic Imagination. Trans. and ed. Michael Holquist and Caryl Emerson. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981.
Bakhtin, M.M. "From the Prehistory of Novelistic Discourse." 1967. Rpt. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Lodge. London: Longman, 1972.
Butler, Judith. Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Fowler, Roger. Linguistics and the Novel. London: Methuen, 1977.
Fowler, Roger. Literature as Social Discourse. London: Batsford, 1981.
Halliday, M.A.K. "Linguistic Function and Literary Style: An Inquiry Into the Language of William Golding's The Inheritors." Literary Style: A Symposium. Ed. Seymour Chatman. 1971. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader56-87.
McLain, R. "Literary Criticism versus Generative Grammars." Style 10 (1976): 231-53.
Ohmann, Richard. Linguistics and Literary Style. New York: Holt and Rinehart, 1964, 1970.
Ohmann, Richard. "Speech Acts and the Definition of Literature." Philosophy and Rhetoric 4 (1971): 1-19.
Pratt, Mary Louise. "Ideology and Speech-Act Theory." Poetics Today 7 (1986): 59-72. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader181-95.
Riffaterre, Michel. "Criteria for Style Analysis." Word 16 (1959). Rpt. Literary Style: A Symposium. Ed. Seymour Chatman and Samuel R. Levin. London: Oxford UP, 1971. 442-50.
Short, Mick. "Discourse Analysis and the Analysis of Drama." Applied Linguistics 2 (1981): 180-202. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader158-80.
Widdowson, H.G. "Stylistics: An Approach to Stylistic Analysis." Techniques of Applied Linguistics. Ed. J.P.B. Allen and S. Pit Corder. Vol. 3 of The Edinburgh Course in Applied Linguistics. Oxford UP, 1973. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader138-48.
Literary stylistics
Booth, Wayne. The Rhetoric of Fiction. Chicago UP, 1961.
Bradford, Richard. Stylistics. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Brown, Marshall. "Le Style est l'Homme M
˜ me: The Action of Literature." College English 59.7 (November 1997): 801-9.Brown, Marshall. "Why Style Matters: The Lessons of Taine's History of English Literature." Turning Points: Essays in the History of Cultural Expressions. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1997. 33-87.
Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1978.
Chatman, Seymour, and Samuel R. Levin, eds. Literary Style: A Symposium. London: Oxford UP, 1971.
Fish, Stanley E. Is There a Text in this Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1980.
Wimsatt, W.K. "The Concrete Universal." The Verbal Icon: Studies in the Meaning of Poetry. Lexington: U Kentucky P, 1954. 69-83.
Metaphor
Jakobson, Roman. "The Metaphoric and Metonymic Poles." Fundamentals of Language. 2nd rev. ed. Ed. Roman Jakobson and Morris Halle. The Hague: Mouton, 1971. 54-82.
Johnson, Barbara. "Metaphor, Metonymy, and Voice in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." Textual Analysis: Some Readers Reading. Ed. Mary Ann Caws. New York: Modern Language Association, 1986. 233-44.
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. U of
Chicago P, 1980.Ortony, Andrew, ed. Metaphor and Thought. New York: Cambridge UP, 1993.
Richards, I.A. The Philosophy of Rhetoric. London: Oxford UP, 1936.
Ricoeur, Paul. The Rule of Metaphor: Multidisciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language. Trans. Robert Czerny. U Toronto P, 1977.
Sacks, Sheldon, ed. On Metaphor. U Chicago P, 1979.
Seitz, James. "Composition's Misunderstanding of Metaphor." College Composition and Communication 42.3 (October 1991): 288-98.
Multiculturalism, Marxism, New Historicism, Feminism
Burton, Deirdre. "Through Glass Darkly: Through Dark Glasses." Language and Literature. Ed. R. Carter. Routledge, 1982. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader224-40.
Flannery, Kathryn T. The Emperor's New Clothes: Literature, Literacy, and the Ideology of Style. Pittsburgh: U Pittsburgh P, 1994.
Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things. London: Tavistock, 1970.
Haswell, Richard H. "Dark Shadows: The Fate of Writers at the Bottom." College Composition and Communication 39 (1988): 303-15.
Mailloux, Steven. Rhetorical Power. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1989.
McIntosh, Carey. Common and Courtly Language: The Stylistics of Social Class in Eighteenth-Century British Literature. Philadelphia: U Pennsylvania P, 1986.
Mills, Sara. "Knowing Your Place: A Marxist Feminist Stylistic Analysis." Language, Text and Context. Ed. M. Toolan. Routledge, 1992. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader241-59.
Mills, Sara. Feminist Stylistics. New York: Routledge, 1995.
Ohmann, Richard. "Use Definite, Specific, Concrete Language." College English 41 (1979): 390-7.
Swann, Karen. "The Sublime and the Vulgar." College English 52 (January 1990): 7-20.
Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One's Own. 1929.
A pedagogical prospectus
Carter, Ronald. "Study Strategies in the Teaching of Literature to Foreign Students." Literature and Language Teaching. Ed. C.J. Brumfit and R.A. Carter. Oxford UP, 1986. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader149-57.
Fleischauer, John. "Teaching Prose Style Analysis." Style 9 (1975): 92-102.
Graves, Richard. "A Primer for Teaching Style." College Composition and Communication 25 (1974): 186-90.
Rankin, Elizabeth D. "Revitalizing Style: Toward a New Theory and Pedagogy." The Writing Teacher's Sourcebook. Ed. Gary Tate, Edward P.J. Corbett, and Nancy Myers. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1994. 300-309.
Plain style
Bercovitch, Sacvan. "The American Puritan Imagination: An Introduction." The American Puritan Imagination: Essays in Revaluation. Ed. Sacvan Bercovitch. New York: Cambridge UP, 1974.
Walters, Frank D. "Scientific Method and Prose Style in the Early Royal Society." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 23 (1993): 239-58.
Ziff, Larzer. "The Literary Consequences of Puritanism." The American Puritan Imagination: Essays in Revaluation. Ed. Sacvan Bercovitch. New York: Cambridge UP, 1974. 34-44.
Poststructuralism
Birch, David. "'Working Effects with Words'—Whose Words?: Stylistics and Reader Intertextuality." Language, Discourse and Literature. Ed. R. Carter and P. Simpson. Routledge, 1989. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader206-23.
Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1974.
Fowler, Roger. "Studying Literature as Language." Linguistics and the Study of Literature. Ed. T. D'Haen. Rodopi, Amsterdam, 1986. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader196-205.
Rubin, Donald L. "The Influence of Communicative Context on Style in Writing." The Development of Oral and Written Language in Social Contexts. Ed. A.D. Pellegrini & T. Yawkey. Norwood NJ: Ablex, 1984. 213-32.
Pre-Lapsarian Composition
Corbett, Edward P.J. "Approaches to the Study of Style." Teaching Composition: Twelve Bibliographical Essays. Ed. Gary Tate. Rev. ed. Fort Worth: Texas Christian UP, 1987: 83-130.
Dillon, George. Constructing Texts: Elements of a Theory of Composition and Style. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1981.
Gage, John T. "Philosophies of Style and Their Implications for Composition." College English 42 (1980): 615-22.
McQuade, Donald. The Territory of Language: Linguistics, Stylistics, and the Teaching of Composition. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1986.
Milic, Louis T. "Theories of Style and Their Implications for the Teaching of Composition." College Composition and Communication 16 (1965): 66-69, 126.
Pringle, Ian. "Why Teach Style? A Review-Essay." College Composition and Communication 34 (1983): 91-8.
Walpole, Jane R. "Style as Option." College Composition and Communication 31 (1980): 205-12.
Weathers, Winston. "Teaching Style: A Possible Anatomy." College Composition and Communication 21 (1970): 114-49.
Winterowd, W. Ross. "Prolegomenon to Pedagogical Stylistics." College Composition and Communication 34 (1983): 80-90.
Winterowd, W. Ross. "Style: A Matter of Manner." Quarterly Journal of Speech 56 (1970): 164, 167.
Structuralism
Attridge, Derek. "Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics in Retrospect." The Linguistics of Writing. Ed. N. Fabb, et al. Manchester UP, 1987. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader36-55.
Barthes, Roland. Elements of Semiology. London: Cape, 1964, 1967.
Culler, Jonathan. Structuralist Poetics. London: Routledge, 1975.
Jakobson, Roman. "Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics." Style in Language. Ed. T. Sebeok. MIT P, 1980. Rpt. The Stylistics Reader10-35.
Wimsatt, W.K. "The Concrete Universal." The Verbal Icon: Studies in the Meaning of Poetry. Lexington: U Kentucky P, 1954. 69-83.
Wired style
Faigley, Lester. "Literacy After the Revolution." College Composition and Communication 48.1 (February 1997): 30-43.
Hassett, Michael. "Ong, Technology, and the Transformation of Consciousness." Composition Studies/Freshman English News (Spring 1996) 24.1-2.
Joyce, Michael. Of Two Minds. Ann Arbor: U Michigan P, 1995.
Landow, George P., ed. Hyper/Text/Theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994.
Ulmer, Gregory. Heuretics: The Logic of Invention. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994.